What is a Heart Attack?
2/4/2025
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, preventing oxygen from reaching the heart muscle. “Without prompt treatment, the affected tissue can become damaged or die, potentially leading to severe complications or death,” states Dr. Levi Rice, general and interventional cardiologist at Lakeside Physicians and Lake Granbury Medical Center, “Heart attacks are a leading cause of death worldwide, but understanding the condition can help with prevention and early intervention.”
Causes of a Heart Attack
Most heart attacks are caused by coronary artery disease (CAD), where arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to:
- Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) on artery walls.
- Blood clots: Plaque rupture can lead to the formation of a clot that obstructs blood flow.
- Spasm of a coronary artery: A temporary tightening of the artery, which can occur even without CAD.
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
Common symptoms include:
- Chest pain or discomfort, often described as pressure, tightness, or squeezing.
- Pain radiating to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.
- Shortness of breath.
- Nausea, vomiting, or dizziness.
- Cold sweats and fatigue.
It’s important to note that symptoms can vary, particularly in women, older adults, and people with diabetes, who may experience atypical signs like stomach pain or shortness of breath without chest pain.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests to detect heart damage, and imaging like echocardiograms or coronary angiograms.
Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow to the heart through:
- Medications: Such as clot-dissolving drugs, antiplatelets, or beta-blockers.
- Procedures: Angioplasty with stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Prevention
Heart attacks are largely preventable through lifestyle changes and managing risk factors, including:
- Maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise.
- Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Controlling conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
“A heart attack is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention,” mentions Dr. Michael Ibe, general and interventional cardiologist. “Our new cardiac cath lab at Lake Granbury Medical Center, along with our highly-trained cardiology team provides care in emergent situations to help open arteries and prevent further damage and save lives.”
For more information or to schedule an appointment with Dr. Rice or Dr. Ibe, please call (817) 579-3970.
In a medical emergency, please call 911.
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