What is RSV?
4/25/2025
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects the respiratory tract. It is a leading cause of respiratory illness, especially in young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Despite being a common infection, it can lead to severe complications in certain populations.
“RSV primarily infects the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms ranging from mild cold-like effects to severe lower respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia,” mentions Kolean Crawford, FNP, family nurse practitioner at Lakeside Physicians.
Who is at Risk?
- Infants and Young Children: RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under one year of age. According to the CDC, nearly all children will have been infected with RSV by their second birthday.
- Older Adults: The virus can cause significant respiratory issues in adults over 65, especially those with chronic heart or lung conditions.
- Immunocompromised Individuals: Those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of severe RSV-related complications.
Symptoms
RSV symptoms typically appear 4-6 days after exposure and include:
- Runny nose
- Decrease in appetite
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Fever
- Wheezing
In severe cases, especially in infants, RSV may lead to difficulty breathing, dehydration, or the need for hospitalization.
Transmission
RSV spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread through direct contact or by touching contaminated surfaces. The virus can survive on hard surfaces for hours, making hygiene and sanitation critical in preventing its spread.
Diagnosis and Treatment
RSV is diagnosed through clinical symptoms and confirmed with laboratory tests, such as a nasal swab to detect the virus. Most cases are mild and resolve with supportive care, such as hydration, rest, and fever control. Severe cases may require oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, or antiviral medications like ribavirin.
Prevention
Preventative measures include:
- Frequent handwashing
- Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
- Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces
- Use of monoclonal antibodies like palivizumab for high-risk infants during RSV season
In 2023, new vaccines targeting RSV became available, offering protection for older adults and pregnant individuals to protect newborns. These advancements mark a significant step in controlling RSV's impact.
For more information or to schedule an appointment with Kolene Crawford, FNP, family nurse practitioner, please call (254) 897-3444 or visit online at https://lakegranburymedical.com/KoleanCrawford.
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